Fate vs. Freedom Essay - 1046 Words

Fate may state what will be in ones life however, how that destiny comes about is a matter of mans own choice. In other words, incidents dont occur because our destinies are written. In the play Macbeth, Shakespeare expertly uses the theme of fate vs. free will and raises the pre-eminent question of which holds power over the characters. In Shakespeare’s tragedy, fate is not the cause of his downfall, his own desires and choices prove to be the deciding factor. There are several examples of fate playing a distinctive role in the lives of Macbeth’s players. The main catalysts behind fate are the three witches seen intermittingly throughout the production. During their second appearance, they share this harrowing truth with the†¦show more content†¦80-81). All three of these declarations prove to be true in the end. The final fate of Macbeth is depicted in these three lines. The apparitions correctly reveal Macduff, a son born of cesarean section, will strike down Macbeth in cold blood, after the trees of the forest will be cut down by the English army and used as camouflage. Fate plays the role of suggestion, but with every prophecy and â€Å"pre-determined† event, there is a subsequent set of actions and choices by the persons involved to ultimately arrive at the destination. The forecast of kingship spurred Macbeth to action, which caused him to fulfill, through his own free will, though influenced by the witches’ suggestions of a possible kingship, his own predictions. The witches themselves possess no real power to ensure that their predictions come to pass. Macbeth also replies later: quot;If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me, / Without my stirquot; (I.iii. 144). This seems to indicate that he doesnt regard the witches as the voice of fate, but of chance. He believes he has choice in the matter. The witches tempted him, but it was his own ambition that led him to commit the crime. Macbeth eventually decides that quot;chancequot; needs some help, and so he murders Duncan. Another example of freewill is Macbeth arranging the death of Banquo and his sons. quot;I will give you a job whose execution will take your enemy off. Both of you know Banquo is your enemy? ...Show MoreRelatedThe Value Of Leadership In Oedipus Rex By Sophocles1326 Words   |  6 Pagesbut falls down to a blind, â€Å"poor soul† who â€Å"lacks force, and guidance† (page 46). While the action seems to move quickly, it emphasizes the dramatic effect, which is the idea that fate is fate and free will can result in consequences. If the action were to occur over a longer period of time, the effect of avoiding fate would not be as significant. The setting also remains the same, â€Å"before the Royal Palace at Thebes† (page 1). This requires the use of outside sources to relay information from areasRead MoreArrow Of God And Smoke Signals1042 Words   |  5 Pagesconflict are found in both Arrow of God and Smoke Signals. The types of conflict found throughout these stories are Person vs. Fate, Person vs. Self and Person vs. Society. In Arrow of God Ezeulu is born into high priesthood. Throughout Arrow of God Ezeulu finds himself being responsible for the announcing of the new moons. Thus eating of the sacred yams was brought to him by fate. â€Å"Whenever Ezeulu considered the immensity of his power over the year and the crops and, therefore, over the people heRead MoreEssay on Ayer, A.J. Freedom and Necessity.972 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy 1301. 1002 Ayer, A.J. â€Å"Freedom and Necessity.† In the following paper I will talk about A.J. Ayer’s â€Å"Freedom and Necessity,† and I will explain the dilemma of determinism and Ayer’s compatibilist solution to it. I will explain some of the examples Ayer uses to explain the difference between cause and being constrained, and how both affect one’s free will. I will also discuss on why Ayer’s compatibilism solution to the dilemma is the best solution so far. According to A.J. Ayer,Read MoreThe Play Antigone By Sophocles1085 Words   |  5 Pagesthe reader. One of which is Individual vs State as Antigone goes against Creon s rule. This act of defiance is due to the feeling by an individual that what they believe is correct over that of a states law. This theme when applied to modern times can be interpreted as government vs personal freedoms. A person will always act on the values that they have and on those values souly, even when that is against the laws set in place. This idea of personal freedom is not only something that was evidentRead MoreFree Will vs Determinism in A Clockwork Orange, by Anthony Burgess1208 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween good and evil, is an essential part of humanity...but controlling the freedom of choice is the true key to this idea. So how does this affect and influence Alex’s character to change? The idea of choice is introduced at the beginning of each of the novella’s three sections, with the quote: â€Å"What’s it going to be then, eh† (9). Each quote, used in three different contexts, gives Alex the ability to choose his fate, and what to make of that choice. The first act of the novella follows Alex’sRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King1387 Words   |  6 Pagesprophecy. In the end, Oedipus realizes that all of his efforts were in vain and that he had no control over his own destiny; The free will he thought he had was merely an illusion (Sophocles 59). Since the day he was born, his fate had already been determined. The theme of â€Å"free will vs determinism† can be seen throughout the play, and it raises some very important questions. Questions that are very difficult to answer and have troubled even the most famous of philosophers for many millennia. Is there suchRead MoreOedipus The King : The Dramatic Twist Of Fate1148 Words   |  5 Pageslater translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald which still conveyed the dramatic twist of fate in this historic play. The introduction of this play begins with Oedipus’s father Laïos, King of Thebes, being warned through a prophecy that his son will kill him and marry his wife Iocaste, Queen of Thebes. Knowing that this could be his future Laïos try his best to change his fate, not knowing his fate was already doomed. Unable to kill his own son, Laïos orders one of his herdsmen to his threeRead MoreMy House, And Household Apples1637 Words   |  7 Pageshero devoted to protecting Earth s fate. General Zod, a citizen of Krypton and its military leader, looks at Earth s fate differently and decides to use Earth to recreate Krypton. Superman, with help from the military and news reporter, Lois Lane, band together to stop Zod from destroying the human race. Synchronic elements of any action movie are danger, loved ones threatened with harm, conflict-internal or external that the main character has to overcome, good vs. evil, and an enemy of some sortRead MoreRacial Differences Between African Americans And Europeans1326 Words   |  6 Pagesand no country can stand to say that they do not play a part in such manipulations. Therefore, reading â€Å"Playing in the Dark,† is a bit strange compared to everything done in class because this book focused on America. A country well-known for its freedom and its democratic beliefs. A country that supposedly fights for the rights of not only our people, but the people of other countries as well. So as this class focused on countries like England towards India, Spain towards Mexico, Belgium towardsRead MoreMyers Briggs Type Indicator ( Mbti )1053 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent ways, to determine ones personality type the MBTI test can be calculated to allow one to know which personality g roup they accompany (Myersbriggs.org, 2016). The test determines whether a person is Extrovert Vs Introvert, Sensing Vs Intuitive, Thinking, Vs Feeling, and Judging Vs Perceiving. Through this test I was placed in the ENFP group which stands for Extrovert, Intuitive, Feeling and Perceiving. ENFP are people who get there energy from others around them who are sociable, that prefer

To What Extent Is a Focus on Metaphor and Symbol Central...

To what extent is a focus on metaphor and symbol central to an analysis and understanding of Douglas Dunn’s poetry? (The Kaleidoscope/Sandra’s Mobile/Second Opinion) It is considered more difficult for a poet to grab the attention and imagination of an audience than it is for an author. The use of metaphor and symbol in poetry means that the poet can say one thing and invoke a whole range of possibilities, be it love, anger, jealousy or envy; an old memory or a new wish. The use of metaphors and symbols enables the audience to see what they believe Dunn meant, by imaging his true meaning of a word. The three poems I have chosen to study are: ‘’The Kaleidoscope’’, ‘’Sandra’s Mobile’’ and ‘’Second Opinion’’. These are all part of the†¦show more content†¦Throughout the poem, Dunn recollects and remembers the memories, however, the use of the word ‘’wait’’ could symbolise the wait involved in grieving, finally accepting that your loved one is gone and beginning to piece your life back together. The repetition of ‘waitâ €™ in line 13, in reference to an absurd forgiveness shows us that Dunn blames himself for his Wife’s death, and it symbolises the amount of guilt he is carrying, especially when combined with the line above in which Dunn begins to resort to desperation through the use of the verb ‘offering me’ followed by the triad ‘my flesh, my soul, my skin’ which could symbolise the ultimate sacrifice. In line 7, ‘A symmetry of husbands, each redesigned’ shows the imperfections that Dunn believes he has, not even symmetry, the idea of an exactness to two halves, could stop Dunn being redesigned. It could also symbolise, through the idea of husbands, the huge workload that was placed on one man. This links with the triads placed in the poem, the idea of constant simultaneous actions, ‘stand, and wait, and cry’, ‘foresight, prayer and hope’, having to juggle the knowledge of The ‘tray’ mentioned in line 1 and line 10, could symbolise the idea of slavery, to be carrying a tray, responding to every movement and request, and yet, the reader can see that Dunn does what he does out of love, he puts himself through unimaginable turmoil to prolong the time

Diana Di Prima Free Essays

Najla Alameldin Professor Wheat English 106 03-21-2011 A Cultural Criticism on Diane DiPrima’s â€Å"The Practice of Magical Evocation† As a young girl growing up in an Italian American family, DiPrima began to witness expectations that she did not like about her culture. At eight years old she experienced her first expectation as a female in her family but this was not an expectation she felt positively on. In an interview given by David Hadbawnik, DiPrima says that one day her mother was very sick and couldn’t get out of bed; she called for DiPrima and said to her, â€Å"You let that man wash a dish. We will write a custom essay sample on Diana Di Prima or any similar topic only for you Order Now DiPrima says, that at that moment she thought her mother was crazy and that the only thing on her mind was â€Å"What do you mean, I let him was a dish? You know, he’s the grown up. † Females growing up in Italian American households in the 1950s and 1960s were expected to learn the duties of their mothers. These duties included those activities that were confined to the home such as the typical cooking and cleaning. In an interview with David Hadbawnik, DiPrima says that women in Italian American families sat inferior to the men of their household while the men were considered to be a â€Å"luxury. Daughters of Italian American families were also expected to never leave home before marriage; marriage to that of an Italian or Italian American man. There was to be no sexual relationships outside of marriage and sexual relations within marriage were to be kept secret. Raised in this Italian American household; Diane DiPrima did not rise to the standards set by her cultu re and flouted many of her family’s rules and beliefs. However she later helped redefine the expectations of an Italian American woman through her literature. When viewing Diane DiPrima’s â€Å"The Practice of Magical Evocation† through a cultural lens of women in 1950’s and 60’s Italian American households, it is evident that the text counteracts this culture by discussing her own sexuality and putting women on a higher pedestal of power. In â€Å"The Practice of Magical Evocation,† Diane DiPrima expresses her sexuality freely and prominently. She is frank, even blatant, about sex that in her own girlhood were kept private to the point of secrecy (Kirschenbaum 61). That she was a young, Italian American woman, in 1969, having sex at all and outside of marriage, and writing about it is what remains so remarkable even today (Quinn 178). In her poem, she chooses to put a quote by Gary Snyder before her own actual text. The quotes states, â€Å"The female is fertile, and discipline (contra naturam) only confuses her† (361). The choosing of this quote declines her parental and cultures’ standards and foreshadows the sexual expression in her poem. For DiPrima, sexual liberation is freedom from the old world of Italian American ethics, and into the new world of permission to do, say and be who she wants to be, and then to write about it (Quinn 179). Aside from flouting her family’s and culture’s conventions, DiPrima’s greatest transgression may be that she dares to write about herself in the first place. As Mary Jo Bona reminds us: â€Å"the fact that the Italian American woman†¦has chosen writing to express the self illustrates her ability to break away from traditional emphasis on family, one that implicitly enforces silence upon its members to insure that its family secrets are kept. This code of silence, a common theme in Italian American literature, is explicitly feminized in DiPrima’s literature, DiPrima talks about herself as possessing an actual body, with body parts, and bodily functions and pleasures (Quinn 178). In a line of her poem, DiPrima says, â€Å"the female is ductile and (s troke after stroke) built for masochistic calm† (361). Here DiPrima is saying that the body of a female is built to be molded for sex and is also built so that we gain the sexual gratification that depends on physical pain. DiPrima expresses this because instead of remaining untouched until marriage like her culture implies, she rather be with who she wants and when she wants, and apply her body to what it is built for. DiPrima goes far beyond revealing the secrets about family, to unveiling the very secrets of Italian American womankind, not in the persona of the immaculate, mysterious Virgin Mary, but to the menstruating, independent, orgasm-seeking Diane (Quinn 179). She is having sex with multiple partners, male and female, and perhaps most egregious of all, having these relationships with non-Italians. Throughout the century, the overwhelming majority of Italian American women in the United States married at least once, as did most women; however, also well into this century, Italian American women were still mostly marrying other Italians. (Quinn 178). Another line in Diane DiPrima’s poem that reveals her sexual liberation is, â€Å"†¦and pelvic architecture functional assailed inside out (bring forth) the cunt gets wide and relatively sloppy bring forth men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In this line DiPrima is actually explaining what happens during sex and is extremely blunt when writing it. To DiPrima the activity of sex was exciting. In the interview with David Hadbawnik, DiPrima says, â€Å"I used to think of going to bed with someone as an adventure, each thing was different, each person was different, and I think what helped to find my physicality was to explore someone else’s physicality. In this poem, Diane DiPrima also expresses her power as an Italian American woman. In the Interview with David Hadbawnik, DiPrima explains that, growing up in her parents’ household men were considered a luxury in the way that you couldn’t rely on them for basics, but they were there with brilliant ideas and often lots of excitement. DiPrima did not agree with this. The message sent from her family and culture in turn made her not always want a man around; she gained power this way. She didn’t want a man always there to tell her what to do or act as if he was above her. Instead, she learned the pluses and minuses of having a man around and realized that she could have her pick of guys and have them when she tells them they could come over. Diane DiPrima also expressed her power as an Italian American woman by taking her independence before it was actually given to her. It was DiPrima’s stance, to live as though the women’s sexual revolution had already been accomplished – to separate sex from marriage and marriage from childrearing, and to improvise a quasi-familial supportive network (Kirschenbaum 64). In the poem, when DiPrima says, â€Å"the female is ductile† (361) she could be saying this with a double meaning. It could mean as I said earlier, that the female body can be molded. However, it could also mean that women can undergo change and form without breaking, expressing that women are powerful and strong in the way that they can withstand anything. Another part of the poem that subtly shows the power of DiPrima as an Italian American woman is when she says, â€Å"†¦bring forth men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (361). In the interview with David Hadbawnik, DiPrima says, â€Å"Yet as the same time, there were six daughters and one son that he had – the six daughters and my grandmother constantly were working around him and his ideals to keep things going. † Throughout DiPrima’s childhood she was taught and had witnessed that women listen to and follow the men. But in these couple of words from her poem, she expresses that it’s herself that brings a man to her. Through her literature, DiPrima not only shows the power she has as a woman but also shows the power in her words. During a meeting with her uncle, DiPrima says, â€Å"It is power that I am talking about, the use and abuse of power, power and secrecy and deals made in the dark. Coils of the unsaid winding through our lives, tangling and tripping us, holding the fabric together (David Hadbawnik Interview). This is one of the themes of DiPrima’s literature. It expresses how she discovered and learned to use power for herself; the powers of words and her power as a woman. In the poem she repeats the phrase, â€Å"the female is ductile. † This is a way that DiPrima performs the power of her words. She does this in order to illustrate the power and significance that these words should display to the reader. Diane DiPrima’s discussions of her rebellion against the beliefs of her family and culture through her literature soon gave Italian American women and also women in general the stepping stone to expressing freedom of themselves; freedom to express their sexuality when and how they wanted, and the power to be whoever they sought out to be. How to cite Diana Di Prima, Essay examples

Research Process - Theoretical Framework & Hypothesis Development

Question: The Social Network The growing use of social network sites (such as facebook) and online communities (such as for instance the Apple Computer community, the community of Harley-Davidson riders, and the community of Starbucks customers) provides exciting opportunities for organizations. Online brand communities allow organizations to engage and interact with customers, obtain market information, sell and advertise products, rapidly disseminate information, develop long-term relationships with the community, and eventually to influence consumers' preferences and behavior (Dholakia and Bagozzi, 2001, Dholakia, Bagozzi, and Pearo, 2004, Franke and Shah, 2003, Muniz and Schau, 2005, Tedjamulia, Olsen, Dean, and Albrecht, 2005). "Brand community" is a term that is used to describe like-minded consumers who identify with a particular brand and share significant traits, such as for instance "a shared consciousness, rituals, traditions, and a sense of moral responsibility" (Muniz and O'Guinn, 2001, p. 412). Onl ine brand communities are based on their core value - the brand - and grow by building relationships with and among members interested in the brand (Jang et al. 2008). There are several possible categorizations of online brand communities, but they are generally grouped into two categories based on who initiates and manages the community; (1) company-initiated communities, built by the company that owns the brand and (2) user-initiated communities, voluntarily built by their members (that is, the consumer) (e.g., Armstrong and Nagel 1996; Kozinets 1999). These two types of brand communities provide different opportunities for marketers. For instance, a brand community on a company website is one of the key determinants of attracting consumers to and retaining customers on the website (Nysveen and Pedersen, 2004). Consumer-initiated online brand communities may provide consumers with useful information about other consumers' experiences with the product or service and the strengths and weaknesses of products or services (Jang et al. 2008). The success of online brand communities is heavily dependent on consumer participation in the online brand community. To determine why consumers participate in online brand communities business student Jesse Eisenberg has developed a model based on extant service marketing literature. The main idea in this literature is that perceived value and satisfaction are antecedents of the intention to use a product or service (Anderson, Fornell, and Lehmann 1994; Bolton and Drew 1991; Gronroos 1990; Hocutt 1998; Kang, Lee, and Choi 2007; Ravald and Gronroos 1996). Jesse wants to apply this idea to consumer participation in online brand communities. According to Jesse, "members will probably be satisfied with an online brand community and have the intention to participate in the community when they derive value from the community. Therefore it is important to know which values members may derive from participating in an online brand community." A thorough review of the literature has convinced Jesse that participation in online brand communities depends on the communities' perceived informational value, self-discovery value, social interactivity value, social enhancement value, entertainment value, and reward value (e.g., Dholakia, Bagazzi, and Pearo 2004; Flanagin and Metzger 2001). A good theoretical framework identifies and defines the important variables in the situation that are relevant to the problem and subsequently describes and explains the interconnections among these variables. Requirements: 1. There are three basic features that should be present in any theoretical framework. Discuss these features?2a. Is there or are they any alternative approaches that would allow Jesse to develop a conceptual model?2b. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of undertaking a literature review to develop a model?2c. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative approach that you have come up with?3a. Label the variables of Jesse's conceptual model in terms of independent, dependent, moderating, and/or mediating variables? 3b. Explain the general difference(s) between moderating and mediating variables? 4. Develop the relevant hypotheses based on Jesse's model?5a. Provide a thorough evaluation of Jesse's arguments?5b. Provide a better explanation of why we would expect these relationships to exist?6a. Try to come up with a variable that moderates the relationship between one of the independent variables and 'member's satisfaction'? 6c. Provide the relevant hypothesis? Answer: 1. There are three basic features that should be present in any theoretical framework. Discuss these features. Social Marketing uses the commercial Marketing technologies for analysis, planning, execution of programs designed to influence the behavioral changes of the population in order to improve their personal welfare and also that of the society in which they live. Social Marketing is considered to be the toughest of all because it deals with changing behavior of the people and it is not easy to change the behavior the people and when it comes to health related issues it becomes even difficult. Theoretical framework is a collection of interrelated concepts; its like a theory but may not necessarily be a well-articulated one. A theoretical framework guides the researcher. Once the statement of the research is framed the theoretical framework helps in determining the variables that need to be measured, and the statistical relationships that need to be set and further analysed. The three basic features that should be present in any theoretical framework are as follows: - Philosophy, Definitions, and Procedure Philosophy: - it is very necessary to develop a philosophy around the theory. While probing into the requirements of business ethics, the related theories frequently involve decisions about right and wrong. Thinking a lot of honesty, fairness, integrity, and loyalty, this model has made comprehensive consideration for the internal and external issues in a detailed manner. Definitions:- Identifying the detailed principles, the rights and duties between a company and its employees, suppliers, customers and neighbours, its fiduciary responsibility to its shareholders are well integrated. Procedure: - Procedure basically defines how will go ahead with the research which means whether the writer will follow descriptive method, work shop method, questionnaire method or interview method. The procedure will define how to go about the project. 2a. Is there or are they any alternative approaches that would allow Jesse to develop a conceptual model? No there is not only 1 method but various other alternative approaches that would allow Jesse to develop conceptual model. Conceptual model is basically knowledge based concept or by using expert systems. The other approaches which Jesse can use is the questionnaire method, where the writer can gather different views from the population and get a clear idea about his framework He can also use Workshop method where it is generally conducted with 6 to 8 population at a time in order to gather the information for system requirement. It is considered to be fastest method for collecting data related to information requirement but the process requires extra IT persons for recording the information and people involved in it should be skilled in conducting workshops (Boyatzis, 1998). 2b. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of undertaking a literature review to develop a model. In many countries around the world many people die prematurely which is attributable to their lifestyle and environmental factors. Advantages:- The main advantage of literature review is that the writer gets the whole idea about the project. It also helps in getting a insite about the development and the method which other researchers use, this will help them to give a better research. Fact finding techniques can be identified Purpose of the research is well defined. Disadvantages:- Figures are not realistic Assumptions are taken into consideration Results are not full proof 2c. describe the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative approach that you have come up with. Advantages:- Alternative approaches help the writer to compare 2 results. It helps in using the research which gives the most appropriate results. It helps in identifying the errors and making necessary corrections. Disadvantages:- Alternative approaches can divert the writers mind It creates a confusion in the mind and in the research methodology Creates a confusion in the results which are generated in different approaches 3a. Label the variables of Jesse's conceptual model in terms of independent, dependent, moderating, and/or mediating variables. Independent Variables:- Independent variables are the variables which do not change from approach to approach Informative: - This is a variable which describes all the information about the research. This is a variable which doesnt change from approach to approach coz the information about the research will never change. Non Informative: - this is a variable which may change from approach to approach because this variable is irrespective of the approach used. These are basically the assumptions which are used in the research. Dependant:- Depending variables are the variables which are totally dependent on the results that are generated. If there is a slight change in these dependent variables then the research result is totally changed. Social Interaction: - This basically means the approach which the researcher uses by talking socially to the people and generating assumptions about the project. Enhancement:- if the researcher uses this approach it enhances the researchers knowledge which gives him a better insight about the problem statement Moderating/Mediating Moderating variables are the variables which basically describe the qualitative and quantitative variables of the study Mediating variables talk about the input and the outputs of the research approach. They decide on the inputs of the research which will give the best output for that approach. 3b. Explain the general difference(s) between moderating and mediating variables. Moderating:- Moderating variable are the variables which talk about the quantitative and qualitative approach of the research. Qualitative variables are the variables which decide the quality of the research study. Quantitative variables decide the quantity of information that will be required for the research study. These variables are important for the research study because it gives the researcher a brief idea about the study and the problem statement. Mediating:- Mediating variables are the variables which define the inputs for the study which will give the best output. This defines the variable which will give a better output to the public like the reward value. The variables should help generate an award for the public. 4. Develop the relevant hypotheses based on Jesse's model. The model basically talks about the social networking sites. Some of the relevant hypotheses can be as follows:- To give better incite and better knowledge about the new brands. Better reward values to high valued customers. High valued customers should be given the best satisfaction level. To feel free in accepting feedback and suggestions from the customers. 5a. Provide a thorough evaluation of Jesse's arguments. Jessess arguments on the theory say that most of the customers prefer online brand community. They get better service and are freer in expressing their thoughts over the online communities. He also describes that when a person is related to an online community his expectations towards the online website increases. This also increases the expectations of the customers in getting a free reward gift in exchange of a purchase. He also says that the customers are more diverted towards the networking websites because it provides entertainment which makes them relax and stress free. He thinks that providing sufficient entertainment will help him attract members on his website. He thinks on the entertainments like playing videos, contests, games etc. Requirement gathering is crucial part of social marketing in. It helps the marketer in understanding the needs of the organization related to that particular sector (Boyatzis, 1998). It helps in understanding the uses of the newly developed system and also serves as important tool in system analysis. By proper requirement gathering system it is possible for the developer to design and develop new or alternative solutions which will cater the needs of the study. For the development of good and effective structure it is necessary that the data related to requirements should be well documented, testable and helps to relate to new business opportunities and helps in p roviding information necessary for system. Usually the requirement analysis includes three steps, identifying the population, analyzing requirements and finally documenting the requirements and using the data while testing the newly development. 5b. Provide a better explanation of why we would expect these relationships to exist. We expect these relations to exist because this will help to generate the loyalty of the members. Certain actions will increase the relationship between the member and the community, like providing sufficient entertainment will help him attract members on his website and will increase the participation of the members on the community websites. This will increase the interactions on the community websites and help in getting better suggestions to make the website a better place of entertainment. 6a. Try to come up with a variable that moderates the relationship between one of the independent variables and 'member's satisfaction'. The variable that moderates the relationship between one of the independent variables and 'member's satisfaction' is Entertainment. Entertainment will help in relation building since the member will have a nice time on the community website. Entertainment will also help the member to stay and participate on the community website. 6b. Provide an explanation of why and how you would expect that this variable affects the relationship between the independent variable of your choice and `member's satisfaction'. The independent variable will help in building the relationship because by providing entertainment the member will feel that the community website cares about the members expectations and have a better incite on the time which they spend on the community website. Social networking websites and community websites are the best sources where the member can share his ideas and thoughts and feel stress free. Entertainment when provided on the websites shows various types of discount coupons, different options of purchase, different type of products which the member is looking for etc. The effective implementation of social marketing strategy will depend upon three factors that are education, law and marketing. In order to achieve success in public health objectives it is important that all three factors are used properly and in co-ordination to achieve the final goals. 6c. Provide the relevant hypothesis. Most relevant hypotheses that can be given for this study is that, the better entertainment and the better reward a community website provides the more will be the participation of the member on the social networking website. The more the social networking website will work on the customer front is directly proportional to the participation level of the members and the customers. This will also increase the satisfaction level of the customers. The information for the requirement gathering is obtained from the below mentioned. The marketer should collect the information related to required study from the existing structure and it should be clear and unambiguous. The information can be collected through several methods. Social marketing is critical to exhibit because it looks at public health sector with the view point of the customers. While involving social marketing in public health you should be well aware of the target audience. We should be aware of what the consumer is looking f or. The marketers should be known why the consumer will accept the change, why is he not accepting the change etc. The marketer should realize the difficulties and the negative issues from the mind-set if the target audience and try to remove it from the population. References: Boyatzis, R. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Deleuze, G., Guattari, F. (1991). What is philosophy? New York: Columbia University Press. Denzin, N. K. Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (1994). Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Guba, E. G., Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105117). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Mishler, E. G. (1990). Validation in inquiry-guided research: The role of exemplars in narrative studies. Harvard Educational Review, 60, 415441. Morse J. M., Hupcey, J. E., Penrod, J., Spiers, J. A., Pooler, C., Mitcham, C. (2002). Symposium conclusion: Issues of validityBehavioral concepts, their derivation and interpretation. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1(4), 6873.